Medical Journal Articles

The articles listed below are only a few of the thousands of articles written about hypospadias and epispadias. Click on the link icon () to open the article.

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Articles marked with an asterisk (*) are highly recommended. Articles are arranged alphabetically within each topic.

Overview

 Cloacal exstrophy (Children's Hospital Boston, no date)

  * Epispadias (UrologyHealth.org, 2002)

  * Exstrophy and epispadias (eMedicine, 2009)

  Exstrophy of the bladder and epispadias (Children's Hospital Boston, no date)

  * Genital anomalies (eMedicine, 2008)

  * Hypospadias (CDC, 2009)

  * [Hypospadias in females] (Urologiia, 2007) - Suggests that female hypospadias is much more common than previously believed.

 * Hypospadias in the neonate (Medscape Today, 2004)

  Urological diseases in America: Interim report (CDC, 2004)

Incidence of hypospadias/epispadias

  The estimated prevalence of hypospadias in Hokkaido, Japan (Journal of Epidemiology, 2004) 

  International trends in rates of hypospadias and cryptorchidism (International Health Perspectives, 1999)

  Prevalence of hypospadias and other genital anomalies among singleton births, 1988-1997, in Scotland (Archives of Diseases in Childhood, Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 2004)

Surgical issues

  Classification of prepuce in hypospadias according to morphological abnormalities and their impact on hypospadias repair (Journal of Urology, 2004)

  Complete genitourinary reconstruction in female epispadias (Journal of Urology, 1993)

  Complete repair of bladder exstrophy in boys: Can hypospadias be avoided? (UroToday, 2005)

  * Challenging cases in hypospadias surgery require expertise (UroSource, 2008)

  Efficacy of polydimethylsiloxane injection to the bladder neck and leaking diverting stoma for urinary continence (Journal of Urology, 2004)

 * Failed hypospadias repair presenting in adults (UroToday, 2006)

  Home-dilatation of the urethral meatus in boys (BJU International, 2004)

  Hypospadias surgery: A 10-year review (Pediatric Surgery International, 2004)

  Is prophylactic antimicrobial treatment necessary after hypospadias repair? (Journal of Urology, 2004)

  * The 'learning curve' In hypospadias surgery (UroToday, 2006)

  Mutually gratifying heterosexual relationship with micropenis of husband (Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 1988)

  Outcomes of delayed hypospadias repair: Implications for decision making (Fistula Research Today, 2007)

  Partial penile disassembly for isolated epispadias repair - Abstract (UroToday, 2008)

  ** The “perfect” hypospadias repair: Are we there yet? (Canadian Urological Association Journal, 2008)

  * Urogenital reconstruction, penile epispadias (eMedicine, 2008)

Psychosocial/sexual adjustment

  Adaptation of adults to uncorrected hypospadias - Abstract (UroToday, 2008)

  Body image and sexuality in adolescents after hypospadias surgery (Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2009)

  Effect of hypospadias on sexual function and reproduction (Indian Journal of Urology, 2008)

  Health-related quality of life and psychological adjustment of children and adolescents with hypospadias (Journal of Pediatrics, 2008)

  Hypospadias: Psychosocial, sexual, and reproductive consequences in adult life (Journal of Andrology, 2005)

  Psychosexual adjustment of children and adolescents after different types of hypospadias surgery: a norm-related study (Journal of Urology, 1995)

  Psychosexual and psychosocial development of patients with hypospadias (Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde, 1997)

  Psychosocial adaptation of middle childhood boys with hypospadias after genital surgery (Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2001)

  Sexual and social life of men operated in childhood for hypospadias and phimosis. A comparative study (European Urology, 2000)

  Sexual behavior and sexual function of adults after hypospadias surgery: a comparative study (Journal of Urology, 2004)

Examination of possible causes

  A case-control study on risk factors of hypospadias (Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 2004)

  Endocrine disruption and hypospadias (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2004)

  Evaluation of an association between loratadine and hypospadias--United States, 1997-2001 (CDC Mortality and Morbity Weekly Report, 2004)

  Hypospadias and endocrine disruption: Is there a connection? (Environmental Health Perspectives, 2001)

  Lack of defects in androgen production in children with hypospadias (Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2004)

  Maternal and gestational risk fctors for hypospadias (Environmental Health Perspectives, 2008)

Potential health risks for DES sons (CDC Consumer Update, not dated)

Potential health tisks for third generation (Offspring of DES faughters and sons) (CDC Consumer Update, not dated)

Basic Research 

  Bidirectional signaling mediated by ephrin-B2 and EphB2 controls urorectal development (Developmental Biology, 2004)